Patients with CE were older, had higher INR, lower smoking rates, and lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, likely related to the higher number of female patients and higher use of antithrombotics among patients in this category ( Table 1). 1.01, P=0.045), there was no difference in INR between antiplatelet and anticoagulant user groups (1.09 vs. Though INR was higher in patients with prior antithrombotic use (1.09 vs. Older age was highly correlated with antithrombotic use ( r=0.324, P<0.0001). There were no patients taking dual antiplatelet therapy or a new oral anticoagulant. Sixty-one patients (32.3%) were regularly taking antithrombotics (aspirin, 56% clopidogrel, 33% warfarin, 11%). Additionally, 40.7% were smokers at the time of the study. Of these, 68.3% had a history of hypertension 27%, diabetes 42.9%, hypercholesterolemia 3.7%, coronary artery disease and 18%, stroke. The mean age was 69.6☑2.03 years, and 44.4% were female. The baseline characteristics of the study population are shown in Table 1. The most frequent stroke subtype was lacunar stroke (n=65, 34.4%), followed by stroke of undetermined etiology, negative workup (n=43, 22.8%), large artery atherosclerosis (n=32, 16.9%), and cardioembolism (CE) (n=27, 14.3%). The patient profile and reasons for exclusion from the study have been outlined in Fig. We excluded patients diagnosed with stroke subtypes of other determined etiologies, such as nonatherosclerotic vasculopathy, hypercoagulable states, and hematologic disorders.
#Inr normal range with acute stroke trial
Stroke subtypes were assigned according to the Trial of ORG 10172 in the Acute Stroke Treatment classification system, and the criteria for classification were strictly enforced. Echocardiography and 24-hour Holter monitoring were done in a patient with embolic stroke of undetermined etiology to detect the cardioembolic source. All patients underwent systemic investigations of brain magnetic resonance imaging and at least one vascular imaging study, such as conventional angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, or computed tomographic angiography. Blood protein, fasting blood sugar, and lipid profiles were obtained after a 12-hour fast. The laboratory findings affecting BV, including hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells, platelets, random plasma glucose, and prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) were examined during initial blood sampling in the emergency room (ER). A skilled pharmacist checked the medications each patient took regularly during the week preceding their admission. Patient demographics, clinical information including vascular risk factors, and medical histories were assessed during hospital admission. In order to be eligible for inclusion in the study, the symptom complex of TIA patients had to encompass weakness, speech disturbance, dysarthria or dysphasia for greater than 5 minutes. We enrolled patients aged 40 years or older with documented histories of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) within 24 hours of symptom onset between January 2018 and December 2018. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between baseline characteristics of acute ischemic stroke and BV within 24 hours of symptom onset in such patients. However, the relationship between BV and biochemical parameters during the acute stage of ischemic stroke have not yet been elucidated. There is evidence to show that BV is significantly higher in cases of lacunar or cardioembolic strokes. Although high BV is known to contribute to stroke occurrence, few studies have examined BV in acute ischemic stroke. Furthermore, BV can be modified using medical treatments such as antithrombotics or statins. BV can also be altered during various physiopathological conditions including obesity, cigarette smoking, chronic heart failure, hypertension, and diabetes. Several clinical and epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an association between BV and the occurrence of major thromboembolic events. High BV, in turn, increases thromboembolic risk and plays an important role in cerebro-cardiovascular diseases. High aggregation and low deformability of RBCs can also increase BV. Increases in these factors correspond to increases in BV. BV is an essential hemorheological factor and is determined by hematocrit, plasma viscosity (PV), and properties of red blood cells (RBCs). Blood viscosity (BV) is defined as the intrinsic resistance of blood to flow and serves as a measure of blood “stickiness”.
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